12/24/2023 0 Comments Keyword manager holotoolkitTo identify these incidents and better understand the dynamics of failure, in a study by Krausmann et al. NaTech incidents can cause damage in chemical and industrial plants, which can cause the release of hazardous materials. Their findings highlight that such planning decreases the escalation of events (i.e., cascading events) and improves society's resilience.Įmergency management is also crucial for NaTech incidents, where natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and lightning cause technological hazards. In another study by Pescaroli and Alexander, two massive and overwhelming disruptions of operations scenarios are used to evaluate emergency planning systems and enhance the reaction times to unexpected circumstances. To systematically attack this problem, Pescaroli and Needham-Bennett propose a prototype benchmarking model that aligns complexity with scenario stress testing to improve the operational resilience and preparedness of the vulnerable systems. By doing so, latent vulnerabilities require enormous care by taking the “unthinkable” into consideration and performing systematic stress-testing. To increase emergency management efficiency and overcome the problems, suggests several principles such as making the emergency scenarios living documents instead of a list of instructions, adapting multidisciplinary mechanisms, and increasing the emergency preparedness framework in terms of usability.īesides the principles mentioned above, adapting the emergency scenarios and emergency management training to the Basel Committee's definition of operational resilience is crucial. One of the main problems is not exercising the scenarios thoroughly or adapting them to recent cases. Īlthough emergency management strategies have gotten more sophisticated and innovative recently, several aspects of emergency management still cause inefficient outcomes in a crisis. In this most basic form, the scenario refers to a relatively small geographical area, such as a small or medium-sized town, a brief period, a relatively well-defined role, such as emergency coordinator or disaster manager, and a straightforward set of objectives. A simple approach to utilizing emergency scenarios to teach emergency management entails giving participants the bare minimum of knowledge about the preparatory circumstances and assigning them one or more roles, tasks, and objectives to achieve. Thus, emergency management becomes crucial with various emergency scenarios, multiple resources, and training materials. The findings revealed that serious games have a vast potential in CBRN-e training, and the comparisons of different environments provided invaluable testbeds giving hindsight to develop a future training program.Ĭhemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, and explosive (CBRN-e) hazards can occur on purpose or by accident regardless of the cause, they threaten the public's safety while reducing public resources. For evaluation and extensive feedback, presence, system usability scale, technology acceptance model questionnaires, and open-ended questions were conducted. Sixteen CBRN-e experts from the eNOTICE project, who took part in the physical training programs in France and Belgium, evaluated the games. The Hospital and Biogarden games’ scenarios were based on the joint activities held in 2018 in France and Belgium as part of the EU H2020 European Network Of CBRN Training CEnters (eNOTICE) project, while the mining game was created over a replica of a training mine at a university in Turkey. In this study, newly developed versions of two previous serious games-Hospital and Biogarden- and a new mining serious game were developed for training purposes in Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and personal computer (PC) environments. CBRN-e training is typically performed as physical exercises, and although such training is necessary and beneficial, repeating the same training program can be time-consuming and costly. In the last decade, chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, and explosive (CBRN-e) attacks have become severe risks to countries, prompting connected parties to prioritize CBRN-e training.
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